MHD instability due to non-homogeneity and non-uniformity of magnetic field in gravitating medium and its consequences in the central region of galaxies     

Z. Sarkar  R. Bondyopadhaya 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2007,312(3-4):215-225

The MHD wave instabilities due to non-uniform magnetic field and non-homogeneity of density have been studied. The reference (coordinate) system considered here is cylindrical type. The General Dispersion Relation (GDR) for the wave propagation in a gravitating but non-relativistic region has been derived. Similar to common knowledge, the said non-uniformities have been found to be responsible for the instability of the system. But interestingly many instability factors are produced due to presence of two types of non-uniformities simultaneously. This theory may add more clues for the event of instabilities, formation of hot plasma-bed in Galactic Central Region, and mass out-flow from there. Many conditions for instabilities could be obtained from GDR deduced here. However, a few conditions for critical wavelength of the MHD wave have been obtained in terms of system parameters (like gradient of magnetic field and rotation). This theory, in turn, may be helpful for the better understanding of the Explosion Theory of formation of outer structure of Galaxies like ours.  相似文献   

Velocity potential formulations of highly accurate Boussinesq-type models     

Harry B. Bingham  Per A. Madsen  David R. Fuhrman 《Coastal Engineering》2009

The highly accurate Boussinesq-type equations of Madsen et al. (Madsen, P.A., Bingham, H.B., Schäffer, H.A., 2003. Boussinesq-type formulations for fully nonlinear and extremely dispersive water waves: Derivation and analysis. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 459, 1075–1104; Madsen, P.A., Fuhrman, D.R., Wang, B., 2006. A Boussinesq-type method for fully nonlinear waves interacting with a rapidly varying bathymetry. Coast. Eng. 53, 487–504); Jamois et al. (Jamois, E., Fuhrman, D.R., Bingham, H.B., Molin, B., 2006. Wave-structure interactions and nonlinear wave processes on the weather side of reflective structures. Coast. Eng. 53, 929–945) are re-derived in a more general framework which establishes the correct relationship between the model in a velocity formulation and a velocity potential formulation. Although most work with this model has used the velocity formulation, the potential formulation is of interest because it reduces the computational effort by approximately a factor of two and facilitates a coupling to other potential flow solvers. A new shoaling enhancement operator is introduced to derive new models (in both formulations) with a velocity profile which is always consistent with the kinematic bottom boundary condition. The true behaviour of the velocity potential formulation with respect to linear shoaling is given for the first time, correcting errors made by Jamois et al. (Jamois, E., Fuhrman, D.R., Bingham, H.B., Molin, B., 2006. Wave-structure interactions and nonlinear wave processes on the weather side of reflective structures. Coast. Eng. 53, 929–945). An exact infinite series solution for the potential is obtained via a Taylor expansion about an arbitrary vertical position z = zˆ. For practical implementation however, the solution is expanded based on a slow variation of zˆ and terms are retained to first-order. With shoaling enhancement, the new models obtain a comparable accuracy in linear shoaling to the original velocity formulation. General consistency relations are also derived which are convenient for verifying that the differential operators satisfy a potential flow and/or conserve mass up to the order of truncation of the model. The performance of the new formulation is validated using computations of linear and nonlinear shoaling problems. The behaviour on a rapidly varying bathymetry is also checked using linear wave reflection from a shelf and Bragg scattering from an undulating bottom. Although the new models perform equally well for Bragg scattering they fail earlier than the existing model for reflection/transmission problems in very deep water.  相似文献   

Hill Instability Analysis of TLP Tether Subjected to Combined Platform Surge and Heave Motions   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐万海  曾晓辉  吴应湘  刘家悦 《中国海洋工程》2008,22(4):533-546

This paper presents the Hill instability analysis of Tension keg Platform （TLP） tether in deep sea. The 2-D nonlinear beanl model, which is undergoing coupled axial and transverse vibrations, is applied. The governing equations are reduced to nonlinear Hill equation by use of the Galerkin＇ s method and the modes superposition principle. The Hill instability charted up to large parameters is obtained. An important parameter M is defined and can be expressed as the functions of tether length, the platform surge and heave motion amplitudes. Some example studies are performed for various envirotnnental conditions. The results demonstrate that the nonlinear coupling between the axial and transverse vibrations has a significant effect on the response of structure. It needs to be considered for the accurate dynamic analysis of long TI2 tether subjected to the combined platfolna surge and heave motions.  相似文献   

Phenomenological Theory of the Photoevaporation Front Instability     

D. D. Ryutov  J. O. Kane  A. Mizuta  M. W. Pound  B. A. Remington 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2007,307(1-3):173-177

The dynamics of photoevaporated molecular clouds is determined by the ablative pressure acting on the ionization front. An important step in the understanding of the ensuing motion is to develop the linear stability theory for an initially flat front. Despite the simplifications introduced by linearization, the problem remains quite complex and still draws a lot of attention. The complexity is related to the large number of effects that have to be included in the analysis: acceleration of the front, possible temporal variation of the intensity of the ionizing radiation, the tilt of the radiation flux with respect to the normal to the surface, and partial absorption of the incident radiation in the ablated material. In this paper, we describe a model where all these effects can be taken into account simultaneously, and a relatively simple and universal dispersion relation can be obtained. The proposed phenomenological model may prove to be a helpful tool in assessing the feasibility of the laboratory experiments directed towards scaled modeling of astrophysical phenomena. PACS Numbers: 98.38.Dq, 98.38.Hv, 52.38.Mf, 5257.FG, 52.72.+v  相似文献   

Weibel Turbulence in Laboratory Experiments and GRB/SN Shocks     

Mikhail V. Medvedev 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2007,307(1-3):245-250

It has recently been realized that the Weibel instability plays a major role in the formation and dynamics of astrophysical shocks of gamma-ray bursts and supernovae. Thanks to technological advances in the recent years, experimental studies of the Weibel instability are now possible in laser-plasma interaction devices. We, thus, have a unique opportunity to model and study astrophysical conditions in laboratory experiments – a key goal of the Laboratory Astrophysics program. Here we briefly review the theory of strong non-magnetized collisionless GRB and SN shocks, emphasizing the crucial role of the Weibel instability and discuss the properties of radiation emitted by (isotropic) electrons moving through the Weibel-generated magnetic fields, which is referred to as the jitter radiation. We demonstrate that the jitter radiation field is anisotropic with respect to the direction of the Weibel current filaments and that its spectral and polarization characteristics are determined by microphysical plasma parameters. We stress that the spectral analysis can be used for accurate diagnostics of the plasma conditions in laboratory experiments and in astrophysical GRB and SN shocks.  相似文献   

The determination of potential difference by the joint application of measured and synthetical gravity data: a case study in Hungary   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Gábor Papp  Erika Szeghy  Judit Benedek 《Journal of Geodesy》2009,83(6):509-521

In an elementary approach every geometrical height difference between the staff points of a levelling line should have a corresponding average g value for the determination of potential difference in the Earth’s gravity field. In practice this condition requires as many gravity data as the number of staff points if linear variation of g is assumed between them. Because of the expensive fieldwork, the necessary data should be supplied from different sources. This study proposes an alternative solution, which is proved at a test bed located in the Mecsek Mountains, Southwest Hungary, where a detailed gravity survey, as dense as the staff point density (~1 point/34 m), is available along a 4.3-km-long levelling line. In the first part of the paper the effect of point density of gravity data on the accuracy of potential difference is investigated. The average g value is simply derived from two neighbouring g measurements along the levelling line, which are incrementally decimated in the consecutive turns of processing. The results show that the error of the potential difference between the endpoints of the line exceeds 0.1 mm in terms of length unit if the sampling distance is greater than 2 km. Thereafter, a suitable method for the densification of the decimated g measurements is provided. It is based on forward gravity modelling utilising a high-resolution digital terrain model, the normal gravity and the complete Bouguer anomalies. The test shows that the error is only in the order of 10⁻³mm even if the sampling distance of g measurements is 4 km. As a component of the error sources of levelling, the ambiguity of the levelled height difference which is the Euclidean distance between the inclined equipotential surfaces is also investigated. Although its effect accumulated along the test line is almost zero, it reaches 0.15 mm in a 1-km-long intermediate section of the line.  相似文献   

大理州潜在蒸散量的计算及应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周明昆  张健东  高月忠 《气象与减灾研究》2013,(4):55-59

利用云南大理州12个气象站1961—2010年气温、日照、风速、蒸发量等观测资料,运用彭曼—蒙蒂斯公式计算大理州潜在蒸散量及湿润度指数,并对大理州潜在蒸散量的时空分布特征进行分析,对干旱情况进行评价。结果表明,大理州潜在蒸散量东部大,南部次之,北部最小。月潜在蒸散量5月最大,12月最小,1—5月递增,5—12月递减。1994—2010的平均潜在蒸散量明显大于1961—1993年。大理州潜在蒸散量与降水量、水汽压、气温、净辐射呈显著正相关关系,与风速没有明显的相关关系。正常年份大理州11月至次年5月都存在不同程度的干旱。  相似文献   

PLAM指数跟踪方法对中国沙尘天气过程及其波动变化特征的研究     

王继志  杨元琴  王亚强  张光智 《气象与环境学报》2013,29(5):92-97

采用1980-2011年气象台站地面气象要素观测资料、高空探空资料,时间和空间加密气象观测站资料,以及中国气象档案馆原始天气图表等资料,基于沙尘气溶胶浓度（PM₁₀）潜势源地贡献函数PSCF（Potential source contribution function）的沙尘系统追踪方法,发展空气质量气象条件PLAM（……）指数对沙尘天气过程的路径跟踪,给出1980-2011年东北亚沙尘天气过程特征分布;采用Spline趋势分析,讨论沙尘天气系统强度的年变化特征。结果表明：基于气溶胶浓度PSCF函数和气象条件PLAM指数追踪得出,中国和东亚地区沙尘天气过程年际强度变化并非单调减弱,具有历史持续性与转折突变性并存的波状变化趋势,出现准10 a的高低频活动特征。  相似文献   

1961-2010年青海高原蒸发皿蒸发量变化及其对水资源的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

申红艳  马明亮  汪青春  王振宇  李江英 《气象与环境学报》2013,29(6):87-94

利用1961-2010年青海省气象观测资料,分析了青海高原近50年蒸发皿蒸发量的时空分布特征和变化趋势,并采用偏相关及主成分分析法,探讨了青海高原蒸发皿蒸发量变化的气候成因及其对水资源的影响。结果表明：近50 a来青海高原蒸发皿蒸发量呈显著下降趋势,它是热力、水分、动力因子综合作用的结果,在三类因子中,动力及水分因子对蒸发皿蒸发量的影响较大,而热力因子相对较小;区域分析表明,影响东部农业区和柴达木盆地蒸发量的主导因子是平均风速和相对湿度,三江源区为相对湿度,而唐古拉山区为气温日较差。通过分析黄河上游可能蒸散量与地表水资源的关系发现,蒸散量对地表水资源的负效应十分显著,其中夏季蒸散量对于平均流量的影响最为显著,而秋季平均流量对蒸散量的响应最为敏感。  相似文献   

黄土高原大孔径闪烁仪观测特征量T*的研究     

郝小翠  张强  岳平  王胜  李宏宇 《高原气象》2013,32(3)

基于黄土高原定西站2009年9月大孔L径闪烁仪(LAS)的观测数据,结合涡动相关系统(EC)和梯度塔的同步观测资料,分析了LAS和EC在测量感热通量过程中的温度特征尺度T*及其差异与近地层气象要素风向、位温梯度和稳定度等的关系.结果表明,黄土高原下垫面LAS测量的T*LAS和EC测量的T*EC有很好的相关性,相关系数达到0.955,拟合的线性趋势系数是1.482.对9月进行风向统计,主风向为NNE和SE,NNE风向上T*LAS和T*EC的相关系数是0.960,拟合的线性趋势系数是1.349,SE风向上T* LAS和T*EC的相关系数是0.968,拟合的线性趋势系数是1.619,风向对T*有显著影响.位温梯度与T*呈很好的线性相关关系,T*LAS相较于T*EC与位温梯度有更好的相关性.当稳定度z/L＜1.5时,T*LAS/T*EC随着z/L的增大雨减小;当z/L＞1.5时,T*LAS/T*EC随着z/L的增大而增大.T* LAS/T*EC的变化范围随着z/L的增大逐渐变小,当z/L增大到4后,T*LAS/T*EC开始保持较小的变化范围.  相似文献